By Musawar Qureshi
The rising tensions between Pakistan and Afghanistan have multiple causes. One of the major factors is the activities of Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), which is allegedly supported by the Afghan Taliban. The TTP has been involved in terrorist attacks inside Pakistan and is accused of using Afghan territory as a base for its operation.
India may benefit from the strained relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan, as it could create opportunities for New Delhi to expand its influence in Afghanistan. Groups such as TTP, ISIS-K (Islamic State Khorasan Province), and Al-Qaeda could exploit the instability to intensify their activities.
The people living along the border regions on both sides are the most affected. Their livelihoods, security, and daily lives have been severely disrupted. Tensions have negatively impacted Pakistan’s economy, particularly in trade and transit sectors.
Afghanistan’s fragile economy is also suffering due to disruptions in trade with Pakistan and the pressure created by the return of Afghan refugees. Both countries should engage in direct talks to address their concerns and seek mutually acceptable solutions. Pakistan and Afghanistan must cooperate against militant groups and ensure that neither country’s territory is used against the other. A formal border understanding could help resolve long-standing disputes and reduce cross-border friction.
Expanding trade and economic partnerships could create shared interests that promote stability. Both countries should seek constructive international support in counter-terrorism efforts. China can play a significant role in reducing tensions between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Beijing has already made substantial investments in the region and maintains close relations with both countries. It could use its influence to encourage dialogue and regional stability. China could help mediate discussions and support confidence-building measures. Increased investment in Afghanistan, possibly in coordination with Pakistan, could promote economic stability. China could enhance security cooperation with both countries against militant groups.
Beijing could assist in building broader international backing for regional peace efforts. rotecting its economic investments Ensuring regional security and border stability Strengthening its global diplomatic standing. While precise figures are difficult to verify, it is widely reported that since 2006, terrorism-related violence has claimed the lives of approximately 60,000 Pakistanis. Thousands more have been displaced as internally displaced persons (IDPs). In the last quarter of 2025 alone, reports indicate that 70 civilians were killed and 478 injured in Afghanistan due to various attacks. Additionally, recent cross-border strikes reportedly resulted in further civilian casualties.
The ongoing tensions between Pakistan and Afghanistan threaten regional stability and primarily harm ordinary citizens. Sustainable peace can only be achieved through dialogue, mutual trust, coordinated counter-terrorism efforts, and economic cooperation. Regional stakeholders, particularly China, can contribute positively to creating an environment conducive to lasting peace.
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